Holy Ascension church in Lachin (Berdzor), Lachin corridor, Nagorno Karabakh
Lachin (Azerbaijani: Laçın, literally hawk, Armenian: Բերձոր, romanized: Berdzor) is a town which is the de jure centre of the Lachin District of Azerbaijan, de facto under the occupation of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh since 1992 as part of its Kashatagh Province. Lachin (Berdzor) and the surrounding region serve as the strategic Lachin corridor (Azerbaijani: laçın koridoru, Armenian: Լաչինի միջանցք), which connects Nagorno Karabakh with Armenia, and is under the supervision of the Russian peacekeeping force following the ceasefire agreement, ending the Second Nagorno-Karabakh war.
Lachin (Berdzor) was formerly known as Abdallar, named after the turkic Abdal tribe, until it was granted town status in 1923 and then renamed Lachin in 1926. In the early 1920s, Vladimir Lenin's letter to Narimanov had implied that Lachin (Berdzor) was to be included in Azerbaijan, but the authorities in Baku and Yerevan were given promises that were inevitably contradictory. The town of Lachin (Berdzor) on 7 July 1923 became the administrative centre of Kurdistansky Uyezd, often known as Red Kurdistan before it was moved to Shusha. It was dissolved on 8 April 1929: Kurdish schools and newspapers were closed.
On 30 May 1930, the Kurdistan Okrug replaced the uyezd. It included the territory of the former Kurdistansky uyezd, as well as Zangilansky District and a part of Dzhebrailsky District. The okrug, like the uyezd before it, was founded to appeal to Kurds beyond Soviet borders in Iran and Turkey, but the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs would ultimately protest this policy due its negative effect on relations with Turkey and Iran. Due to these concerns, the okrug was abolished less than a month after its foundation, on 23 July 1930.
In the late 1930s, Soviet authorities deported most of the local Kurdish population as well as much of the Kurds elsewhere Azerbaijan and Armenia to Kazakhstan.
First Nagorno Karabakh war
Lachin (Berdzor) and the surrounding rayon were the locations of severe fighting during the First Nagorno-Karabakh war in 1990–1994, and Lachin (Berdzor) has not wholly recovered from the destruction of that war. Lachin (Berdzor) has significant importance because of the Lachin corridor, which links Armenia to Nagorno-Karabakh. Around 7,800 Azerbaijanis and Kurds became IDPs as a result of forceful deportations during the occupation. The Armenian forces had also burned down Lachin (Berdzor).
The OSCE Minsk Group co-chairs noted that Lachin (Berdzor) has been treated as a separate case in previous negotiations. The Lachin corridor and the Kelbajar district have been at the centre of Armenian demands during the Nagorno-Karabakh peace talks with Azerbaijan.
2020 Nagorno Karabakh war
Following the ceasefire agreement ending the 2020 Nagorno Karabakh war, the Lachin District was set to be handed over to Azerbaijan on December 1, with Russian peacekeepers securing the Lachin corridor which passes thorough Lachin (Berdzor). However, the unclear and unstable situation in the region have caused many ethnic Armenians to evacuate from Lachin (Berdzor).
The Diocese of Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախի թեմ, romanized: Artsakhi t'em) is one of the largest dioceses of the Armenian Apostolic Church covering the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh. It is named after the historic province of Artsakh; the 10th province of the Kingdom of Armenia. The diocesan headquarters are located on Ghazanchetots street 72, in the town of Shusha. The seat of the bishop is the Ghazanchetsots Cathedral.
Here is the list of churches, monasteries and chapels functioning under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Artsakh, along with their location and year of consecration:
Vankasar Church, near Martakert, 7th century
Holly Resurrection Church, Hadrut, 1621
Saint John the Baptist Church (Kanach Zham), Shusha, 1818
Saint John the Baptist Church, Martakert, 1881
Ghazanchetsots Holy Savior Cathedral, Shusha, 1888
Church of the Holy Ascension, Berdzor, 1998
Church of the Holy Martyrs, Aghavno, 2002
Church of the Holy Mother of God, Askeran, 2002
Church of St. Nerses the Great, Martuni, 2004
Surp Sarkis Church, Harutyunagomer, 2005
Surp Sarkis Church, Yeghtsahogh, 2006
Saint James' Church, Stepanakert, 2007
Saint Anthony Church, Zaglik, 2009
Saint George's Church, Mets Shen, 2011
Church of the Holy Mother of God, Vaghuhas, 2012
Saint George's Church, Nerkin Horatagh, 2012
Saint John the Baptist Church, Karaglukh, 2013
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İsmayıllı Lahic Badavun Məscidi Yanvar 2022
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Nagorno Karabakh and Armenia border, (South border) Lachin corridor
Border between Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh (2016) Lachin corridor Berdzor
Nagorno Karabakh, officially the Nagorno Karabakh Republic (NKR; Armenian: Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Հանրապետություն Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut'yun), Artsakh Republic or Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախի Հանրապետություն ), is a republic in the South Caucasus recognised only by three non-United Nations (UN) states. Nagorno Karabakh is considered by the UN to be part of Azerbaijan. Nagorno Karabakh controls most of the territory of the former Nagorno Karabakh Autonomous Oblast and some of the surrounding area, giving it a border with Armenia to the west and Iran to the south.
The predominantly Armenian populated region of Nagorno Karabakh was claimed by both the Azerbaijan and Armenia when both countries became independent in 1918. After the Soviet Union established control over the area, it created the Nagorno Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) within the Azerbaijan SSR in 1923. In the final years of the Soviet Union, the region re-emerged as a source of dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan. In 1991, a referendum held in the NKAO and the neighbouring Shahumian region resulted in a declaration of independence. Large-scale ethnic conflict led to the 1991–1994 Nagorno-Karabakh War, which ended with a ceasefire that left the current borders.
The Nagorno Karabakh Republic is a presidential democracy with a unicameral parliament. Its reliance on Armenia means that in many ways it functions de facto as part of Armenia. The population is predominantly Christian, most being affiliated with the Armenian Apostolic Church. Several historical armenian monasteries are popular with tourists, mostly from the Armenian diaspora, as most travel can take place only between Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh.
The Nagorno Karabakh War, referred to in Armenia as the Artsakh Liberation War, was an ethnic and territorial conflict that took place from the late 1980s to May 1994, in the enclave of Nagorno Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno Karabakh backed by Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan. As the Nagorno Karabakh war progressed, Armenia and Azerbaijan, both former Soviet Republics, entangled themselves in protracted, undeclared mountain warfare in the mountainous heights of Karabakh as Azerbaijan attempted to curb the secessionist movement in Nagorno Karabakh. The enclave's parliament had voted in favor of uniting itself with Armenia and a referendum, boycotted by the Azerbaijani population of Nagorno Karabakh, was held, whereby most of the voters voted in favor of independence of Artsakh. The demand to unit Artsakh with Armenia began in a relatively peaceful manner in 1988; in the following months, as the Soviet Union disintegrated, it gradually grew into an increasingly violent conflict between Armenians and Azerbaijanis, resulting in ethnic cleansing, with Sumgait pogrom (1988), Baku pogrom (1990) and Khojaly Massacre (1992) being notable examples. Inter-ethnic clashes between the two broke out shortly after the parliament of the Nagorno Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) in Azerbaijan voted to unify the region with Armenia on 20 February 1988. The declaration of Artsakh secession from Azerbaijan was the final result of a territorial conflict regarding the land. As Azerbaijan declared its independence from the Soviet Union and removed the powers held by the enclave's government, the Armenian majority voted to secede from Azerbaijan and in the process proclaimed the unrecognized Republic of Nagorno Karabakh.
The Lachin corridor (Armenian: Լաչինի միջանցք, romanized: Lachini mijantsk; Azerbaijani: Laçın koridoru, Laçın Dəhlizi) is a mountain pass connecting Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh. The Lachin corridor is de jure in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan, but de facto in the Kashatagh Province of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh. It contains the town of Lachin, Zabux and Sus. Berdzor
During the First Nagorno Karabakh War from 1988 to 1994, the Lachin corridor came under the control of the Artsakh Defence Army. In a statement to the United Nations on September 2005, the Foreign Minister of Azerbaijan, Elmar Mammadyarov, said It is the issue of communication of the Armenians living in the Nagorno Karabakh region of Azerbaijan with Armenia and that of the Azerbaijanis living in the Nakhchivan region of Azerbaijan with the rest of the country. We suggest the using of the so-called Lachin corridor by both sides in both directions provided that security of this road will be ensured by the multinational peacekeeping forces at the initial stage.
In the aftermath of the 2020 Nagorno Karabakh War, which ended with a Russian brokered armistice, the Lachin corridor became the sole connection between Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh.
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