Slovenia | History | Culture | Geography | Scene of World
Slovenia is a country located in Central Europe at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest. Slovenia covers 20,271 square kilometers (7,827 sq mi) and has a population of 2.111 million. One of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, Slovenia is now a parliamentary republic and member nation of the European Union, United Nations, and NATO. The capital and largest city is Ljubljana.
Slovenia has a mostly mountainous terrain with a mainly continental climate, with the exception of the Slovene Littoral, which has a sub-Mediterranean climate, and of the Julian Alps in the northwest, which have an Alpine climate. Additionally, the Dinaric Alps and the Pannonian Plain meet on the territory of Slovenia. The country, marked by significant biological diversity, is one of the most water-rich in Europe, with a dense river network, a rich aquifer system, and significant karst underground watercourses. Over half of the territory is covered by forest. The human settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven.
Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of Slavic, Germanic, and Romance languages and cultures. Ethnic Slovenes make up more than 80% of the population. Serbs are the largest minority. The South Slavic language Slovene is the official language throughout the country. Slovenia is a largely secularized country, but Catholicism and Lutheranism have significantly influenced its culture and identity. The economy of Slovenia is small, open and export-oriented[citation needed] and is thus strongly influenced by the conditions of its exporting partners' economies. This is especially true with Germany, Slovenia's biggest trade partner. Like most of the developed world, Slovenia was severely hurt by the Eurozone crisis beginning in 2009, but started to recover in 2014. The main economic driver for the country is the services industry, followed by manufacturing and construction.
Historically, the territory of Slovenia has formed part of many different states, such as: the Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Republic of Venice, the Illyrian Provinces of the First French Empire, the Austrian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire. In October 1918, the Slovenes exercised self-determination for the first time by co-founding the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. In December 1918 they merged with the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929).
During World War II (1939–1945) Germany, Italy, and Hungary occupied and annexed the territories included in today's Slovenia (1941–1945), with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi puppet state. In 1945 Slovenia became a founding member of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, renamed in 1963 as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In the first years after World War II this state was initially allied with the Eastern Bloc, but because of the Tito-Stalin split in 1948 it never subscribed to the Warsaw Pact and in 1961 became one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement.
#Slovenia #historyofSlovenia #cultureofSlovenia #glasgow #garden #festival #beaches #Toronto #Canada #Queenspark #Scotland #Unitedkingdom #greatbritain #midwinterSweden #forests #glaciers #mountains
#SanSebastian #Valencia #Madrid #Barcelona #Mallorca #Granada #spain #landofsnow #fish #Copenhagen #travelvideo #Germany #Frankfurt #SEO #Berlin #Vienna #Austria #Graz #Lakegeneva #Fairytale #places #morges #Geneva #festival #Switzerland #tulip #heavenonearth #Famous #4K #traveling #ASMR #Geneva #vacations #holidays #travelvideo #WWE
We have done our best to give you something which is totally unique, now its your call to make us happy and proud by showing your love and support.
Please like, share and subscribe the channel.
Be sure to hit that notification bell to be notified of future content coming soon! ????
Regards
Scene of World
SPOMENIK ZMAGE V MURSKI SOBOTI / RED ARMY MONUMETN, SLOVENIA, WW2
Prekmurje je edina slovenska pokrajina, ki jo je skupaj s partizani osvobodila Rdeča armada. Zato je Spomenik zmage v Murski Soboti edini spomenik posvečen skupnemu boju slovenskih partizanov in vojakov Sovjetske zveze proti tujim zavojevalcem.
TV News story about 172nd training with Slovenian Armed Forces at Mountain Warfare
US Army Europe's Richard Bumgardner takes us high up in the Slovenian mountains where soldiers from the 172nd Infantry Brigade are undergoing mountain warfare training to prepare them for operations in mountainous environments. The ten-day course, instructed by cadre of the Slovenian Armed Forces Mountain Training Center, gave soldiers of the 172nd the confidence to operate in a difficult and challenging winter environment.
Slovenia Music and Images
Please do not dislike for no Reason and do not write negative and rude comments. I'm serious.
Prosim, ne bodite nenaklonjeni brez razloga in ne pišite negativnih in nesramnih komentarjev. Resen sem.
Slovenia (Slovene: Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: Republika Slovenija), is a country located in Central Europe at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest. Slovenia covers 20,273 square kilometers (7,827 sq mi) and has a population of 2.084 million. One of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, Slovenia is now a parliamentary republic and member nation of the European Union, United Nations, and NATO. The capital and largest city is Ljubljana.
Slovenia has a mostly mountainous terrain with a mainly continental climate, with the exception of the Slovene Littoral, which has a sub-Mediterranean climate, and of the Julian Alps in the northwest, which have an Alpine climate. Additionally, the Dinaric Alps and the Pannonian Plain meet on the territory of Slovenia. The country, marked by a significant biological diversity, is one of the most water-rich in Europe, with a dense river network, a rich aquifer system, and significant karst underground watercourses. Over half of the territory is covered by forest. The human settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven.
Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of Slavic, Germanic, and Romance languages and cultures. Although the population is not quite homogeneous, Slovenes comprise the majority. The South Slavic language Slovene is the official language throughout the country. Slovenia is a largely secularized country, but Catholicism and Lutheranism have significantly influenced its culture and identity. The economy of Slovenia is small, open and export-oriented[citation needed] and is thus strongly influenced by the conditions of its exporting partners' economies. This is especially true with Germany; Slovenia's biggest trade partner. Like most of the developed world, Slovenia was severely hurt by the Eurozone crisis beginning in 2009, but started to recover in 2014. The main economic driver for the country is the services industry, followed by manufacturing and construction.
Historically, the territory of Slovenia has formed part of many different states, such as: the Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Republic of Venice, the French-administered Illyrian Provinces of the First French Empire of Napoleon I, the Austrian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire. In October 1918, the Slovenes exercised self-determination for the first time by co-founding the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. In December 1918 they merged with the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929).
During World War II (1939–1945) Germany, Italy, and Hungary occupied and annexed Slovenia (1941–1945), with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi puppet state.[45] In 1945 Slovenia became a founding member of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, renamed in 1963 as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In the first years after World War II this state was initially allied with the Eastern Bloc, but because of the Tito-Stalin split in 1948 it never subscribed to the Warsaw Pact and in 1961 became one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement.
In June 1991, after the introduction of multi-party representative democracy, Slovenia became the first republic that split from Yugoslavia and became an independent sovereign state. In 2004, it entered NATO and the European Union; in 2007 became the first formerly communist country to join the Eurozone; and in 2010 it joined the OECD, a global association of high-income developed countries. Slovenia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index. It ranks 12th in the inequality-adjusted human development index.
PIVKA (Slovenia) - Museum of military history
Muzej vojaške zgodovine / Museum of military history
Slovenia: Park of Military History Pivka. Part 1: ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE
The Park of Military History is a new museum and tourist centre located in the old Pivka barracks complex. The barracks were built by the Kingdom of Italy around 1930 in order to defend the Rapallo border. From 1945 to 1991, the barracks were home to the Yugoslav People’s Army.
The Park of Military History has been developing within the complex since 2004. Over the last couple of years, the Park of Military History has experienced an intensive development and quickly became the largest museum complex in the Republic of Slovenia as well as one of the largest military-historical complexes in this part of Europe. It displays various museum exhibits and diverse museum collections which offer visitors a unique insight into Slovenian national history as well as world history.
ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE
The central part of the Park of Military History is the exhibition entitled “The Road to Independence” presenting the process of gaining independence in the Republic of Slovenia with an emphasis on the independence war of 1991.
The exhibition outlines Tito’s Yugoslavia as a federal state, a part of which was also the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, and introduces the Yugoslav People’s Army as the key bond with an enormous influence on the development of the state. The central focus of the exhibition is to present the main social and political events and changes in the 1980s and 1990s which resulted in Slovenia declaring its independence from Yugoslavia. The exhibition also presents the ensuing brutal military intervention of the Yugoslav Army over Slovenian territory and a strong resistance from the Slovenian Territorial Defense and the Police Force due to which Slovenia successfully protected its independence.
The exhibition enables the visitor to relive war events through direct contact with some important exhibits from that time. The exhibition displaying the advance of the Yugoslav unit includes the MiG-21 aircraft, the M-84 tank and the BVP and BTR armored vehicles. The important “relics” of the 1991 war are also the Gazelle helicopter “Velenje TO-001”, being the first aircraft to defect from the Yugoslav Military Air Force, and the T-55 tank, which was part of the tank unit that spearheaded the aggression of the Yugoslav army from the Pivka barracks. The collection also comprises several other army vehicles from that period.
The exhibition “The Road to Independence” was recently complemented by the 3.6-metre-long and 1.6-metre-wide scale model of the former Yugoslav underground military airbase “Željava”. The newly acquired exhibit piece illustrates the mightiness of one of the largest military infrastructure projects in the former Yugoslavia which was until recently wrapped in a veil of mystery.
Josip Broz - Tito, Live Virtual Tour
This is a Live virtual tour about one of the most famous people in modern history. The Yugoslav statesman Marshal Tito (born 1892) became president of Yugoslavia in 1953. He directed the rebuilding of a Yugoslavia devastated in World War II and the welding of Yugoslavia's different people into unity until his death in 1980.
1943 Tunisia - German POWs Convoy (roll 2)
This is the 18th clip of a series we encoded using recently declassified raw footage filmed by the Allies in Tunisia in 1942 and 1943.
We are uploading this outstanding and rarely seen footage, plus a complete short on the air war (in and from Tunisia) in order to celebrate the third anniversary of the UnknownWW2InColor YT Channel.:)
Musical soundtrack (Demo Only) added in 2010 by ROMANO-ARCHIVES. (Deepspace - Exit Procedure - Album The Barometric Sun)
Video Editing by ROMANO-ARCHIVES.
SUBSCRIBING to this Channel is a MUST for researchers and RARE HISTORICAL FOOTAGE fans!!!
V. Romano
This is a clip from the ROMANO-ARCHIVES' new website Unknown World War 2 in Color-WW2 Africa section.
At:
Visit also:
A broadcasting-quality silent version of this clip is available. Hi-Res videos from our Collections are available on DVD, CD or directly in your inbox. Clips and movies can also be downloaded from our servers using a PW or uploaded by us to your FTP.
Austria, Slovenia & Croatia • 2022
Our 21 day roadtrip in Austria, Slovenia and Croatia.
Gear:
• GoPro Hero 8
• DJI Mavic Air
Music:
• AUST - Sunrise
BORA-BORA: WW2 American cannons (guns) protected from Japanese invasion
Island of Bora Bora (Bora-Bora), Pacific Ocean - the forgotten second world war (WW2) American cannons, the WW2 American Guns, a tour of the WW2 guns of Bora Bora. Let's travel to the island of Bora Bora (Bora-Bora) in the Pacific Ocean and let's view the American Guns installed there by the Americans during the second World War (WW2). Here is another video of mine from Bora Bora (Bora-Bora) where 2 American guns (cannons) installed on the western side of this island in the Pacific Ocean in order to protect the area from a Japanese attack and invasion.
Many people don’t know about the role Bora Bora had during WW2. During the war the United States needed a strategic military supply base in the South Pacific, and they chose Bora Bora (Bora-Bora). After getting to Bora Bora they built a power supply, the airport and other very important infrastructure. They also placed 8 naval guns on the hills of Bora Bora to make sure the enemy would never be able set foot ashore.
During World War II, the United States maintained a supply base on Bora Bora. After the war, eight cannons were left behind, two of which are located on Mont Poopooureroa. The view of Bora Bora's lagoon from Mont Poopooureroa is spectacular.
PLEASE SUBSCRIBE ►
#BoraBora #ww2 #VicStefanu
WW2 GERMAN ID - KENNKARTE
In this video I present the German identity document Kennkarte. The symbols of the Third Reich are blurred in the video. They are clearly visible in the original, as the document was not denazified after the war.
Don't miss our next video! Subscribe!
Ljubljana History (Slovenia)
SZCZECIN, MALBORK 1942 R
10:54 :07 brama Victoria Kaserne I, prawdopodobnie w Szczecinie 10:55:13 żołnierz czyści karabinek z łańcuchem, czyszczenie broni, wkładana szafka,
10:55:50 żołnierze w pokoju, sprzątanie pokoju,
10:56:25 Żołnierze ustawieni w szeregu na dziedzińcu koszar (strzał z lotu ptaka przez okno), ćwiczenia, wyjazd przez Szczecin (krótko)
10:56:58 Pałac UFA na placu apelowym w Szczecinie, napis „Deutsches Familien Kaufhaus”,
10:57:10 Port szczeciński, żołnierze jadą na otwartej ciężarówce, ujęcia jadącej ciężarówki
10:57:35 Widok z mostu na Autostradę Rzeszy
10:57:37 Dwóch żołnierzy przed domem. Napis: Gasthof Püttkrug. Właściciel Friedrich Köhler. (prawdopodobnie na Pomorzu?) Żołnierze na otwartej ciężarówce.
10:57:57 Żołnierze kopią okopy na skraju lasu, kamuflaż z drzewami iglastymi,
10:59:01 Malbork, Prusy Wschodnie, widoki zewnętrzne, Malbork
10:59:55 Malbork, wewnętrzny dziedziniec, wiele różnych ujęć
11:00:38 Mozaika: Rycerz z instrumentem smyczkowym, „Her Volker der videlaere”
11:00:44 Posąg Fryderyka Wielkiego, dalsze widoki Malborka
11:01:25 Pochód fanfarów Hitlerjugend, rozpoczęło się BDM w Malborku, Artur Axmann Reichsjugendführer
11:01:44 Żołnierze w baraku, czapki z gazet: malowanie sufitu, żołnierz rysuje mural Cena dnia - dużo potu. Drewniane łóżka w koszarach
11:02:33 Insygnia szturmowe piechoty jako duży rysunek, napis „Zawsze szalony”,
11:02:52 ogródki przed drewnianymi koszarami, mozaika z kamieni: duży orzeł cesarski ze swastyką
11 :03:04 Znak na baraku: „Bar. XX, 3 inspekcja”
11:03:06 „Hermannsbad” (podczas II wojny światowej nazwa niemieckiej jednostki administracyjnej w okupowanej Polsce, Warthegau/ kraj Warty /, nad Wisłą, 20 km na południowy wschód od Thorn)
11: 03: 11 grup żołnierzy zbliża się do kamery (rozmyte obrazy) Żołnierze w parku, jeden ostrożnie podchodzi od tyłu do kobiety siedzącej na ławce
11:03:42 Żołnierze w odkrytym basenie, różne ujęcia
11:05:12 Tannenberg- Pomnik w Prusach Wschodnich straż przed kryptą Hindenburga, różne napisy, wewnątrz: popiersia, figury orłów
Dejiny & zemepis: Slovinsko
Ak chcete dobre spoznať krajinu mali by ste pochopiť aj miestne dejiny. Tie tvoria najmä reťaz cudzích nadvlád od čias Rimanov cez Frankov, Habsburgovcov až napokon po centrálne riadenie z Belehradu. No napriek tomu sa podobne ako na Slovensku podarilo vytvoriť národné povedomie a vytvoriť samostatný štát. Poďte sa preto pozrieť na stručný prierez významných okamihov v slovinských dejinách.
0:00 Citát
0:16 Úvod
0:40 Zemepis
2:35 Intro k dejinám
2:59 Od najstarších dejín po príchod Slovanov
4:54 Od ranného stredoveku po nadvládu Habsburgovcov
7:01 Od novoveku po romantizmus
8:49 Od revolúcie po prvú svetovú vojnu
11:20 Od vzniku Kráľovstva SHS po koniec druhej svetovej vojny
13:19 Od Tita po Euro
15:22 Záver
15:47 Bibliografia a hudobné diela
LJUBLJANA CHARMING ŠARMANTNA 4K BOŽIĆ CHRISTMAS time
V mestu, ki ga krasi ena najbolj izvirnih božičnih okrasitev, se v adventnem času dogaja veliko. Praznične sejme v zgodovinskem mestnem jedru spremljajo številne brezplačne prireditve. Preverite živahno praznično dogajanje!
Ljubljana uoči Božića 2024.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ljubljana
Capital city
View of Ljubljana from Nebotičnik
Ljubljana Town Hall and the Robba Fountain
Ljubljana Opera House
One of the dragons on the Dragon Bridge
University of Ljubljana
Ljubljanica with the Triple Bridge in distance
Flag of Ljubljana
Flag
Coat of arms of Ljubljana
Coat of arms
Ljubljana is located in Slovenia
Ljubljana
Ljubljana
Location of Ljubljana in Slovenia
Show map of Slovenia
Show map of Europe
Show all
Coordinates: 46°03′05″N 14°30′22″E
Country Slovenia
Municipality City Municipality of Ljubljana
First mention 1112–1125
Town privileges 1220–1243
Roman Catholic diocese 6 December 1461
Government
• Mayor Zoran Janković (Zoran Janković List)
Area
• Capital city 163.8 km2 (63.2 sq mi)
• Metro
2,334 km2 (901 sq mi)
Elevation[2]
295 m (968 ft)
Population (2020)[3]
• Capital city Rise 295,504
• Density 1,712/km2 (4,430/sq mi)
• Metro
537,893[1]
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal codes
1000–1211, 1231, 1260, 1261[4]
Area code 01 (+386 1 if calling from abroad)
Vehicle Registration LJ
Website
Historical affiliations
Archbishop of Salzburg (1112–1555)
Habsburg Monarchy (1555–1804)
Austrian Empire (1804–1809)
Illyrian Provinces (1809–1814; capital)
Austrian Empire (1814–1867)
Austria-Hungary (1867–1918)
State of Serbs, Croats and Slovens (1918)
Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941)
Kingdom of Italy (1941–1945; annexed)
Nazi Germany (1943–1945; de facto)
SFR Yugoslavia[6] (1945–1991)
Slovenia (1991–present; capital)
Ljubljana[a] (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia,[14][15] located along a trade route between the northern Adriatic Sea and the Danube region,[16] north of the country's largest marsh, inhabited since prehistoric times. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political, and administrative center.
During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the area.[17] The city was first mentioned in the first half of the 12th century. It was the historical capital of Carniola,[18] one of the Slovene-inhabited parts of the Habsburg monarchy.[14] It was under Habsburg rule from the Middle Ages until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. After World War II, Ljubljana became the capital of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The city retained this status until Slovenia became independent in 1991 and Ljubljana became the capital of the newly formed state.[19]
#ljubljana #slovenija #slovenia #zmajevi #božić #2024 #christmas #newyear
@ivansfoodtravel
???? SUBSCRIBE ➡️ / @ivansfoodtravel
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
????Thanks for watching! Please leave a LIKE ???? and SHARE this video.
Subscribe ♥ to my YouTube Channel for more videos and click the bell so you will not miss any of my videos.
I would be happy if you subscribe and turn on the notification bell ????----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Podgarić Spomenik, Croatia
The structures commonly referred to in English as 'spomenik' (the Serbo-Croatian/Slovenian word for 'monument'), are a series of memorials built from the 1950s-1990s during Tito's Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, whose primary intent was to honor its people's resistance struggle during the People's Liberation Struggle (1941-1945) (aka WWII) against Axis occupation and oppression. They commemorate not only the crimes which occurred during the region's brutal occupation, but they additionally celebrate the 'Revolution' which defeated them, all lead by Tito's Partisan Army of rebel fighters.
This spomenik at Podgarić, Croatia was built to commemorate the community's rebellion and uprising against Ustaše occupying forces in the greater Moslavina and Zagreb region during the National Liberation War (WWII), while also recognizing the support structures the village created to support the war effort.
00:00 view from afar (monument visible on the hilltop in the distance)
02:56 carpark in front of spomenik
05:56 entrance at the top of the staircase
08:19 pathway approach
10:53 in front of monument
13:21 south facing wing
16:04 north facing wing
19:40 west facing/side visible from road
Sarajevo : Drugi svjetski rat i ustaska okupacija 2 od 2 †††
Sarajevo : Drugi svjetski rat i ustaska okupacija 2 od 2 ††††
Jasenovac - Donja Gradina - Industry of Death 1941-1945:
Arhives of Republic of Srpska: Jasenovac Collection:
Nedeljne informativne novine NIN, septembar 2006. godine Najorijentalniji dio Sarajeva Ispad „državničke mudrosti Nenad Kecmanović Četiri godine okupacije za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata u Sarajevu su protekle relativno mirno. C tim što je vlast ustaške NDH, koju su predstavljali ne samo lokalni Hrvati nego i brojni muslimani, prethodno, na samom početku rata uništila relativno brojnu i civilizacijski najuticajniju jevrejsku zajednicu. Imućni i ugledni Srbi su, takođe, odmah pobijeni, a ostali su bili otpušteni iz državne službe. Sve do tada, orijentalno jezgro Baščaršije su popunjavale gotovo isključivo radnje srpskih i jevrejskih trgovaca i zanatlija. A pošto su vlasnici, ukoliko nisu na vrijeme pobjegli, bili pobijeni, poslovne prostore je, uz blagoslov ustaške vlasti, opustošila i zaposjela muslimanska sirotinja kao „hrvatsko cvijeće. Godine 1945. u tek oslobođenom gradu, sarajevski muslimani, skojevci i knojevci su one koji su se tokom četiri ratne godine napadno obogatili za primjer provodali kroz Baščaršiju sa transparentima oko vrata: „Ja sam fašistički kolaborant!, „Ja sam ratni profiter!, „Ja sam narodni izdajnik! i sl. Ostali su, kao proleteri, samo počeli opštini Stari grad da plaćaju kiriju za nacionalizovane radnje. U njih se stari vlasnici, ukoliko su preživjeli, kao buržuji, nisu mogli vratiti, a za njih državni sektor nije imao interesa. Nacionalnu dimenziju ove „klasne borbe, nova vlast je svjesno izbrisala iz kolektivnog pamćenja u prilog izgradnje bratstva i jedinstva. Zaostala i izblijedela srpska i jevrejska prezimena ugravirana na gvozdenim zasunima ponekog lokala u Kujundžiluku i Bravadžiluku, bila su nedovoljna da osvježe potisnutu prošlost. Jevrejima koji su uspjeli da na vrijeme odu i dokopaju se SAD američka vlada je 50-ih godina kao oblik pomoći Titovoj Jugoslaviji nadoknadila izgubljenu imovinu. A mnogo kasnije, najviše zahvaljujući uticajnom Emeriku Blumu, podignut je Spomen-park na Vracama sa jezivo dugim spiskom jevrejskih žrtava u Sarajevu. Srpske žrtve c početka rata u gradu ostale su samo privatno obilježene, a materijalno obeštećenje je izostalo.
_____________________________________________________________________
Poslijeratne generacije Sarajlija su tako sve do 1990. godine bile uvjerene da je bezmalo mononacionalna struktura korisnika baščaršijskih radnjica, prirodno uklopljena u orijentalnu arhitekturu, bila stvar porodičnog naslijeđa još maltene iz turskog vakta. No, kada su sa krajem starog sistema počele pripreme za denacionalizaciju i restituciju, Muslimani su bili vrlo neprijatno iznenađeni kada su u zemljišnim knjigama otkrili da najorijenatlniji dio Sarajeva, koji su tradicionalno smatrali ponajviše svojim, zapravo nije njihovo privatno vlasništvo. Izuzev džamija i nekoliko vakufskih zgrada, sve u Starom gradu pripadalo je nekim Fincijima, Jeftanovićima, Fišerima, Pešutima, Kamhijima, Prnjatovićima, Drukerima, Despićima, Solomonima, Odavićima, Gaonima, Ratkovićima, Konovima, Jokanovićima, Levijima, Romanovima, Konfortijima itd., kojim je trebalo ili vratiti ili skupo platiti najvrijednije sarajevske poslovne i stambene prostore. Otuda je entuzijazam za denacionalizaciju na Baščaršiji naglo opao.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Profesor dr Nenad Kecmanović Predratni profesor i dekan Fakulteta političkih nauka i rektor Univerziteta u Sarajevu dr Nenad Kecmanović danas je redovni profesor i šef katedre za politikologiju Fakulteta političkih nauka u Beogradu i gostujući profesor na filozofskim fakultetima u Banjaluci i u Srpskom Sarajevu u Republici Srpskoj. Kecmanović važi za jednog od najboljih poznavalaca i najpouzdanijih analitičara savremenih političkih fenomena, odnosa i procesa u Republici Srpskoj i Federaciji. Profesor dr Nenad Kecmanović je član Akademije nauka i umjetnosti Republike Srpske.
____________________________
Jewish World War II Memorial and Cemetery.wmv
Come join Liepāja Tours and TheCeļotājs visit to the Jewish World War II Memorial and Cemetery dedicated to those who were murdered by the invading Nazi Army in June 1941 located in the south part of Līvas kapsēta Cemetery located in the south part of Liepāja Old Town along Cenkones iela.
The First Mass Grave
Mass graves of the first group of Jewish victims, shot by SS-Einsatzkommando 1a under Reichert in Rainis Park on 03 July1941 and reburied in the Jewish cemetery a few days later
Victims of Rainis Park Massacre
Gravestone for 37 Jews including 3 unknown ones executed in Rainis Park on 03 July 1941 and reburied in the Jewish Cemetery several days later. The Soviet inscription says: Eternal Glory to the Heroes Who Fell in the Battles for our Soviet Fatherland. True, many were members of the paramilitary Workers' Guard, but they were arrested and shot, not killed in combat.
The Richest Former Yugoslavia Country by GDP
Yugoslavia was a country in Southeastern and Central Europe for most of the 20th century. It came into existence after World War I in 1918 under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by the merger of the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (it was formed from territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire) with the Kingdom of Serbia, and constituted the first union of the South Slavic people as a sovereign state, following centuries in which the region had been part of the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. Peter I of Serbia was its first sovereign. The kingdom gained international recognition on 13 July 1922 at the Conference of Ambassadors in Paris.The official name of the state was changed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929.
Yugoslavia was invaded by the Axis powers on 6 April 1941. In 1943, a Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was proclaimed by the Partisan resistance. In 1944 King Peter II, then living in exile, recognised it as the legitimate government. The monarchy was subsequently abolished in November 1945. Yugoslavia was renamed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in 1946, when a communist government was established. It acquired the territories of Istria, Rijeka, and Zadar from Italy. Partisan leader Josip Broz Tito ruled the country as president until his death in 1980. In 1963, the country was renamed again, as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).
The six constituent republics that made up the SFRY were the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR Croatia, SR Macedonia, SR Montenegro, SR Serbia, and SR Slovenia. Serbia contained two Socialist Autonomous Provinces, Vojvodina and Kosovo, which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation. After an economic and political crisis in the 1980s and the rise of nationalism, Yugoslavia broke up along its republics' borders, at first into five countries, leading to the Yugoslav Wars. From 1993 to 2017, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia tried political and military leaders from the former Yugoslavia for war crimes, genocide, and other crimes committed during those wars.
After the breakup, the republics of Montenegro and Serbia formed a reduced federative state, Serbia and Montenegro, known officially until 2003 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). This state aspired to the status of sole legal successor to the SFRY, but those claims were opposed by the other former republics. Eventually, it accepted the opinion of the Badinter Arbitration Committee about shared succession and in 2003 its official name was changed to Serbia and Montenegro. This state dissolved when Montenegro and Serbia each became independent states in 2006, while Kosovo proclaimed its independence from Serbia in 2008.
Tags:
Yogoslavia, Balkan, Statistic, Data, GDP, Former Yugoslavia Countries, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Croatia, Slovenia
Summer Alps: Mountain Pass Ljubelj (Slovenia to Austria) part 1.
The Loibl Pass or Ljubelj Pass is a high mountain pass in the Karawanks chain of the Southern Limestone Alps, linking Austria with Slovenia. The Loibl Pass road is the shortest connection between the Carinthian town of Ferlach and Tržič in Upper Carniola and part of the European route E652 from Klagenfurt to Naklo.
The mountain pass is located just on the Austrian-Slovenian border at 1,367 metres above the Adriatic (4,485 ft), east of the Stol massif. The mountain road (Loiblpass Straße, B 91), one of the steepest in the Eastern Alps, winds up from the broad Drava valley in numerous hairpin curves to the top of the pass, parallel to the Loiblbach brook and the picturesque Tscheppa (Čepa) gorge with several waterfalls. From the Kleiner Loibl (Sapotnica) pass, a small road branches off to the remote Bodental valley. Since 1963-64 the traffic passes through a two-lane tunnel at 1,069 m (3,507 ft) underneath the mountain crest. South of the pass, the road (No. 101) runs down via Podljubelj to Tržič in the Sava valley and further to the A2 motorway. Nearby mountain passes are Wurzen Pass in the west and Seeberg Saddle in the east.
During World War II, a 1,570 m (5,150 ft) meter long tunnel was built at 1,068 m (3,504 ft) above sea level by command of the Nazi Gauleiter of Carinthia, Friedrich Rainer, to bypass the steep upper parts of the mountain road. Work was performed by the Viennese Universale Hoch- und Tiefbau construction company, employing 660 civilian workers, several posted by the Service du travail obligatoire of Vichy France, and 1,652 forced labourers supplied by contract with the SS. These prisoners were interned in two minor subcamps of the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, one on each side of the pass. They were put under the command of Obersturmführer Julius Ludolf, who served in Mauthausen since 1940 and was notorious for his excessive beatings.
Tunnel construction started on the south side in March 1943. The first forced labourers arrived at Tržič in June and were immediately transported to Loibl Pass by SS personnel. Most of the inmates were POWs and political prisoners. They were interned with German and Austrian criminals who assumed Kapo functions. Under inhumane conditions, about 40 forced labourers died either from starvation and exhaustion, or were killed by mistreatment, work-related accidents and rockfalls. By August, Ludolf was removed from his post after the construction company complained about the number of inmates that became incapable of working due to beatings and torture. To keep the work force efficient, hundreds of injured or sick prisoners were sent back to the main camp, or if unable to be transported were executed on-site by camp physician Sigbert Ramsauer by petrol injection.
The breakthrough of the tunnel happened in December 1943. Rainer and several high-ranking SS members came to inspect the project. The first Wehrmacht army vehicles passed through the very tight tunnel on 4 December 1944. Military traffic, German soldiers retreating from the Yugoslav Front and refugees used the tunnel until it was closed in 1947. At the end of the war, on 7 May 1945, the surviving 950 prisoners from the two camps were largely abandoned by the guards and began marching down to Feistritz im Rosental, where they met Yugoslav Partisans on the following day. As the survivors had in effect 'freed themselves', theirs were the only subcamps of Mauthausen-Gusen not to be either evacuated or liberated.
An American military court sentenced commandant Julius Ludolf to death on 13 May 1946. British military courts sentenced two other SS commanders of the camps, Jakob Winkler and Walter Briezke, to death on 10 November 1947, and sentenced camp physician Sigbert Ramsauer to life imprisonment on 10 October 1947. Ramsauer was released in 1954, however, and soon obtained an employment at the Klagenfurt state hospital. Today plaques at the Austrian tunnel portal and a memorial on the Slovenian side, erected at the site of the southern Loibl camp, commemorate the injustices. A joint memorial service was held on 13 June 2015.
The tunnel reopened as a border crossing between Austria and the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in 1950 and expanded in the early 1960s to two lanes in November 1963. The old road over the summit of the mountain pass has been closed for motorised traffic since 1967.